HAZARDOUS MATERIALS WORDS pt 2
Ok here is the much awaited second part of Hazardous materials definitions. I know that some of this is real boring, (try taking the classes), but it might make you more aware of the stuff that is around you. So here goes nothing.
Acid - Compound containing Hydrogen that reacts with water to produce hydrogen ions; a proton donor; a liquid compound with a pH less than 2. Acidic chemicals are corrosive.
Air-Reactive Materials - Substances that ignite when exposed to air at normal temperatures. Also called Pyrophoric.
Alpha Radiation - Consists of particles having a large mass and a positive electrical charge; least penetrating of the 3 common forms of radioactive substances. It is not considered dangerous to plants, animals, or people unless it gets into the body.
Ambient Temperature - Temperature of the surrounding environment.
Atmospheric Pressure - Pressure exerted by the atmosphere at the surface of the earth because of the weight of air. It is 14.7 psi ( 101 kPa ). It increases as elevation decreases below sea level, and increases above sea level.
Auto ignition - Ignition that occurs when a substance in air, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, is heated sufficiently to cause self-sustained combustion independently of the heat source.
Auto ignition Temperature - Same as ignition temperature except that no external ignition source is needed for ignition because the material has been heated to the ignition temperature; the spontaneous ignition of the gases or vapor given off by a heated material.
Base - Substance - containing group forming hydroxide ions in water solution; a alkaline ( caustic ) substance.
Beta Particle - Particle that is about 1/7000 the size of an alpha particle but has more penetrating power, Beta particles have a negative electrical charge.
Beta Radiation - Type of radiation that can cause skin burns.
Boiling Point - Temperature of a substance when the vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. At this point, the rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of condensation. More liquid is turning into gas than is turning back into a liquid.
Combustible Liquids - Liquid having a flash point at or above 100 degrees F ( 37.8 C ) and below 200 F ( 93.6 C ).
Combustion- Self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel, which produces heat and light.
Compound - Substance consisting of 2 or more elements that have been united chemically.
Condensation - The process of going from a gas to a liquid state.
Contaminants - Any foreign substance which compromises the purity of a given substance.
Corrosive Materials - Liquids or solids that can destroy human skin, or liquids that can severely corrode steel.
Cryogens - Gases that are cooled to a very low temperature, usually below -150 F ( -101 C ), to change to a liquid.
Deflagration - Chemical reaction producing vigorous heat and sparks or flame and moving through the material at less than the speed of sound. A major difference among explosives is the speed of the reaction.
Diatomaceous Earth - A light siliceous material consisting mainly of the skeletons ( minute unicellular algae ) and used as a absorbent or filter.
Dissipate - To cause to spread out or spread thin to the point of vanishing.
Element - Most simple substance that cannot be separated into more simple parts by ordinary means.
Emulsion - An insoluble liquid suspended in another liquid.
Explosive Range - Range between the upper and lower flammable limits of a substance.
Explosives - Materials capable of burning or bursting suddenly and violently.
Flammable Gas - Any material ( except aerosols ) that is a gas a 68 F ( 20 C ) or less and that is ignitable at 14.7 psi when in a mixture of 13 % or less by volume with air OR has a flammable range at 14.7 psi by volume with air at least 12 % regardless of the lower limit.
Flammable Limit - Percentage of a substance in air that will burn once it is ignited. Most substances have a upper ( too rich ) and a lower ( too lean ) flammable limit.
Flammable Liquids - Any liquid having a flash point below 100 F (37.8 C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi absolute (276 kPa ).
Flammable Materials - Substances that ignite easily and burn rapidly.
Flammable Solid - Solid materials ( other than explosives ) that are liable to cause fires through friction or retaining heat from manufacturing or processing or that ignite readily and then burn vigorously and persistently, creating a serious transportation hazard.
Flash Point - Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form a ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid.
Gamma Radiation - Electromagnetic wave with no electrical charge. This radiation is extremely penetrating, very high energy x-rays.
Gas - Compressible substance, with no specific volume, that tends to conform to the shape of its container.
Heavy Metal - Generic term referring to lead, cadmium, mercury, and other elements that are toxic in nature.
Hyperscopic - Ability of a substance to absorb moisture from the air.
Hypergolic - Chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizer that causes immediate ignition on contact without the presence of air.
Impingement - Come into sharp contact with.
Inert Gas - Gas that does not normally react chemically with a base or filler material.
Leach - To pass our or through by percolation ( gradual seepage ).
Liquefied Compressed Gas - Gas that under the charging pressure is partially liquid at 70 F (21 C ). Also called Liquefied Gas.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ( LPG ) - Any of several petroleum products, such as propane or butane, stored under pressure as a liquid.
Liquid Oxygen ( LOX ) - Oxygen that is stored under pressure as a liquid.
Miscibility - 2 or more liquids ability to mix together.
Mixture - Substance containing 2 or more materials not chemically united.
Neutron - Part of the nucleus of an atom that has a neutral electrical charge. Highly penetrating type of radiation that has no electrical charge.
Nonflammable Gas -Compressed gases not classified as flammable.
Non liquefied Gases - Gas, other than a gas in solution that when under charging pressure is entirely gaseous at 70 F ( 21 C ).
Oxidizer - Substance that yields oxygen readily and may stimulate the combustion of organic or inorganic matter.
Polar Solvent - Flammable liquids that have an attraction for water. Examples include alcohols, ketones, and lacquers.
Polymerization - Reactions in which 2 or more molecules chemically combine to form larger molecules. This reaction is often violent.
Pyrophoric - Material that ignites spontaneously when exposed to air.
Radiation - Transfer of heat energy through light by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation , Nuclear - Product of a process known as radioactivity, the emission of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiation.
Radioactive Material ( RAM ) - Material whose atomic nucleus spontaneously decays or disintegrates, emitting radiation.
Reactive Materials - Substances capable of or tending to react chemically with other substances.
Reactivity - Ability of 2 r more chemicals to react and release energy and the ease with which this takes place.
Specific Gravity - Weight of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water at a specific temperature.
Spontaneous Ignition - Combustion of a material initiated by an internal chemical or biological reaction producing enough heat to cause the material to ignite.
Unstable Material - Material that is capable of undergoing chemical changes or decomposition with or without a catalyst.
Vapor Density - Weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the equal weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. A vapor density of less than 1 is lighter than air, and greater than 1 is heavier than air.
Water-Reactive Materials - Substances, generally flammable solids, that react in varying degrees when mixed with water or exposed to humid air.
Water Solubility - Ability of a liquid or solid to mix with or dissolve in water.
Wow I am glad that all that is over, as these terms will be used in future articles, when we discuss specific chemicals and products. These also will help you read and decode your Materials Safety Data Sheets, ( M.S.D.S.) that you should have in the workplace.
I know that I left some definitions out, but some of them you should be able to figure out for yourselves.
"Don't waste time calculating your chances of success
and failure. Just fix your aim and begin" ----- Guan Yin Tzu
Ok here is the much awaited second part of Hazardous materials definitions. I know that some of this is real boring, (try taking the classes), but it might make you more aware of the stuff that is around you. So here goes nothing.
Acid - Compound containing Hydrogen that reacts with water to produce hydrogen ions; a proton donor; a liquid compound with a pH less than 2. Acidic chemicals are corrosive.
Air-Reactive Materials - Substances that ignite when exposed to air at normal temperatures. Also called Pyrophoric.
Alpha Radiation - Consists of particles having a large mass and a positive electrical charge; least penetrating of the 3 common forms of radioactive substances. It is not considered dangerous to plants, animals, or people unless it gets into the body.
Ambient Temperature - Temperature of the surrounding environment.
Atmospheric Pressure - Pressure exerted by the atmosphere at the surface of the earth because of the weight of air. It is 14.7 psi ( 101 kPa ). It increases as elevation decreases below sea level, and increases above sea level.
Auto ignition - Ignition that occurs when a substance in air, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, is heated sufficiently to cause self-sustained combustion independently of the heat source.
Auto ignition Temperature - Same as ignition temperature except that no external ignition source is needed for ignition because the material has been heated to the ignition temperature; the spontaneous ignition of the gases or vapor given off by a heated material.
Base - Substance - containing group forming hydroxide ions in water solution; a alkaline ( caustic ) substance.
Beta Particle - Particle that is about 1/7000 the size of an alpha particle but has more penetrating power, Beta particles have a negative electrical charge.
Beta Radiation - Type of radiation that can cause skin burns.
Boiling Point - Temperature of a substance when the vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. At this point, the rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of condensation. More liquid is turning into gas than is turning back into a liquid.
Combustible Liquids - Liquid having a flash point at or above 100 degrees F ( 37.8 C ) and below 200 F ( 93.6 C ).
Combustion- Self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel, which produces heat and light.
Compound - Substance consisting of 2 or more elements that have been united chemically.
Condensation - The process of going from a gas to a liquid state.
Contaminants - Any foreign substance which compromises the purity of a given substance.
Corrosive Materials - Liquids or solids that can destroy human skin, or liquids that can severely corrode steel.
Cryogens - Gases that are cooled to a very low temperature, usually below -150 F ( -101 C ), to change to a liquid.
Deflagration - Chemical reaction producing vigorous heat and sparks or flame and moving through the material at less than the speed of sound. A major difference among explosives is the speed of the reaction.
Diatomaceous Earth - A light siliceous material consisting mainly of the skeletons ( minute unicellular algae ) and used as a absorbent or filter.
Dissipate - To cause to spread out or spread thin to the point of vanishing.
Element - Most simple substance that cannot be separated into more simple parts by ordinary means.
Emulsion - An insoluble liquid suspended in another liquid.
Explosive Range - Range between the upper and lower flammable limits of a substance.
Explosives - Materials capable of burning or bursting suddenly and violently.
Flammable Gas - Any material ( except aerosols ) that is a gas a 68 F ( 20 C ) or less and that is ignitable at 14.7 psi when in a mixture of 13 % or less by volume with air OR has a flammable range at 14.7 psi by volume with air at least 12 % regardless of the lower limit.
Flammable Limit - Percentage of a substance in air that will burn once it is ignited. Most substances have a upper ( too rich ) and a lower ( too lean ) flammable limit.
Flammable Liquids - Any liquid having a flash point below 100 F (37.8 C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi absolute (276 kPa ).
Flammable Materials - Substances that ignite easily and burn rapidly.
Flammable Solid - Solid materials ( other than explosives ) that are liable to cause fires through friction or retaining heat from manufacturing or processing or that ignite readily and then burn vigorously and persistently, creating a serious transportation hazard.
Flash Point - Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form a ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid.
Gamma Radiation - Electromagnetic wave with no electrical charge. This radiation is extremely penetrating, very high energy x-rays.
Gas - Compressible substance, with no specific volume, that tends to conform to the shape of its container.
Heavy Metal - Generic term referring to lead, cadmium, mercury, and other elements that are toxic in nature.
Hyperscopic - Ability of a substance to absorb moisture from the air.
Hypergolic - Chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizer that causes immediate ignition on contact without the presence of air.
Impingement - Come into sharp contact with.
Inert Gas - Gas that does not normally react chemically with a base or filler material.
Leach - To pass our or through by percolation ( gradual seepage ).
Liquefied Compressed Gas - Gas that under the charging pressure is partially liquid at 70 F (21 C ). Also called Liquefied Gas.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ( LPG ) - Any of several petroleum products, such as propane or butane, stored under pressure as a liquid.
Liquid Oxygen ( LOX ) - Oxygen that is stored under pressure as a liquid.
Miscibility - 2 or more liquids ability to mix together.
Mixture - Substance containing 2 or more materials not chemically united.
Neutron - Part of the nucleus of an atom that has a neutral electrical charge. Highly penetrating type of radiation that has no electrical charge.
Nonflammable Gas -Compressed gases not classified as flammable.
Non liquefied Gases - Gas, other than a gas in solution that when under charging pressure is entirely gaseous at 70 F ( 21 C ).
Oxidizer - Substance that yields oxygen readily and may stimulate the combustion of organic or inorganic matter.
Polar Solvent - Flammable liquids that have an attraction for water. Examples include alcohols, ketones, and lacquers.
Polymerization - Reactions in which 2 or more molecules chemically combine to form larger molecules. This reaction is often violent.
Pyrophoric - Material that ignites spontaneously when exposed to air.
Radiation - Transfer of heat energy through light by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation , Nuclear - Product of a process known as radioactivity, the emission of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiation.
Radioactive Material ( RAM ) - Material whose atomic nucleus spontaneously decays or disintegrates, emitting radiation.
Reactive Materials - Substances capable of or tending to react chemically with other substances.
Reactivity - Ability of 2 r more chemicals to react and release energy and the ease with which this takes place.
Specific Gravity - Weight of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water at a specific temperature.
Spontaneous Ignition - Combustion of a material initiated by an internal chemical or biological reaction producing enough heat to cause the material to ignite.
Unstable Material - Material that is capable of undergoing chemical changes or decomposition with or without a catalyst.
Vapor Density - Weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the equal weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. A vapor density of less than 1 is lighter than air, and greater than 1 is heavier than air.
Water-Reactive Materials - Substances, generally flammable solids, that react in varying degrees when mixed with water or exposed to humid air.
Water Solubility - Ability of a liquid or solid to mix with or dissolve in water.
Wow I am glad that all that is over, as these terms will be used in future articles, when we discuss specific chemicals and products. These also will help you read and decode your Materials Safety Data Sheets, ( M.S.D.S.) that you should have in the workplace.
I know that I left some definitions out, but some of them you should be able to figure out for yourselves.
"Don't waste time calculating your chances of success
and failure. Just fix your aim and begin" ----- Guan Yin Tzu
